The Development of Ecotourism Model at Natural Attractions of Tete Batu Village in East Lombok

Tourist village of Tete Batu is located at Sikur District in East Lombok Regency, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. With its scenic beauty along the southern foot of Rinjani Mountain and its green, natural, beautiful and mild countryside atmosphere, Tete Batu Village offers economic potential to its community. Tourism sector needs a good tourism development that can develop existing potential with a maximum result. This research was aimed to find the effect of natural attraction development in Tete Batu Village that adopted Ecotourism Model in the interest of increasing the number of tourist arrivals. Technique of data analysis being used was SWOT analysis with qualitative approach. There were two types of data that were collected, namely primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through field observation, interview and questionnaire, while secondary data was collected from related literature study. The result showed that natural attractions in Tete Batu village could be developed by using Ecotourism model because its condition could attract tourists and the management was done by the society and based on local nature and culture.


Introduction
Tourism in Nusa Tenggara Barat is often called as Halal tourism especially in Lombok Island. The title is attached after Lombok managed to win first place in World Halal Tourism event in 2015 and 2016 and ZDV DZDUGHG DV ZRUOG ¶V EHVW KDODO KRQH\PRRQ WRXU LQ 6R PXVOLP WRXULVWV EHJDQ WR ORRN DW ,QGRQHVLD especially Lombok as their tourism destination. Tourist attractions in Lombok provide security and convenient service to the tourists in order to enjoy their vacation in ease, secure and halal.
In East Lombok Regency, there are tourist villages suh as Sapit Village, Sugian Village, Labuhan Lombok Village, Lendang Nangka Village, Tete Batu Villageand Sembalun Village. Tourist attraction in Tete Batu Village sites in Siklur District around the foot of Mount Rinjaniat an altitude of 700 metres above sea level. Tete Batu is formed by elongated canyon and terraced rice fields like soil contour which is the main enticement that lures many tourists to visit the village.
A concept change from world tourism to special interest tourism, known as ecotourism, is a great opportunity for our country that has various natural potential because many tourists tend to prefer natural and cultural attractions to other attractions. Ecotourism is a popular term which stands for ecological tourism. Ecotourism is a responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the economy, culture and tradition of the local people (Tuwo, 2011). According to Anonymous source (2000) in Edi Mulyadi (2010), Ecotourism is a form of tourism whose purpose is to conserve the environment and improve the life and well-being of the local people. Originally, ecotourism was done only by nature lovers who want intended GHVWLQDWLRQV UHPDLQ LQWDFW DQG VXVWDLQDEOH LQFOXGLQJ ORFDO SHRSOH ¶V FXOWXUH DQG SURVSHULW\ Ecotourism offers a unity of integrated travel value between enjoying natural beauty and the effort to conserve it. Ecotourism plays an important role in providing solutions for solving the problems in tourism development. The main focus of this tourism model is based on basic tourism potentials that prioritize the concept of natural and cultural conservation (Dirawan,2008). Ecotourism is an informative or a participative tour to a natural or unnatural and cultural environment which aims to secure its natural and cultural continuity. So, ecotourism emphasizes ecological or natural sustainability.
Conceptually, ecotourism can be defined as a sustainable tourism development concept that intends WR VXSSRUW WKH HIIRUWV WR SUHVHUYH WKH HQYLURQPHQW QDWXUH DQG FXOWXUH DQG LPSURYH ORFDO SHRSOH ¶V LQYROYHPHQW in management so that they can be economically benefited from it. In the perspective of management, ecotourism is a tourism program which is designed for natural places or areas and managed according to principles of sustainable nature and economy for the sake of supporting environmental conservation (nature and culture) and improving well-being of the local people (Marpaung Happy, 2000). Ecotourism program directly gives access to related parties to see, know, and experience nature and culture of local people, gives economic benefits and is psychologically easily accepted in social life of the society.
According to Page and Dowling (2000) in Doddy Soedigdo ( Dias Satria (2009) said that although the model proposes positive values, it also arises critics and SUREOHPV UHJDUGLQJ LWV LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6RPH RI FULWLFV DUH 7KH WRXULVP ¶V QHJDWLYH HIIHFW RQ HQYLURQPHQW Despite its conservation based principles, some rules are still broken because some local people and tourists KDYH ODFN RI NQRZOHGJH DQG DZDUHQHVV UHODWHG WR HFRWRXULVP FRQFHSW 6RFLHW\ ¶V ORZ SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ ecotourism. Most of local people only play as audiences and are unable to actively participate in, especially economic, process of the tourism, (3) wrong perception and management of ecotourism concept because of the ODFN RI JRYHUQPHQW ¶V UROH DQG VXSHUYLVLRQ LQ GHYHORSLQJ WRXULVP DUHDV Ecotourism model is put forward as one of strategies to help solving social and economic problems of local societies and as one of effective tools for environmental conservation (Garrod, 2003). The development of ecotourism in Tete Batu Village cause an interaction between local community and tourist area. This interaction gives a dynamic effect on tourist area

Method
This research was conducted in tourist attractions in Tete Batu Village which is one of villages in East Lombok Regency. The research employed field observation, interview, questionnaire and literature study to collect the data. The data consisted of primary data about potential offers of ecotourism attractions and secondary data about general condition of the research location and socio-economy of the people. This research was a descriptive qualitative method which adopted SWOT analysis technique. SWOT analysis is a technique that analyze internal and external factors of the environment being studied. The factors were decided based on the aspects of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and threats of an organization. Therefore, the possibilities of comprehensive alternatives of strategy can be determined (Freddy Rangkuti, 2005). Internal analysis was including strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment, while external analysis was done by analyzing opportunities and threats of the external environment which might influence ecotourism development model at tourist attractions in Tete Batu Village. The result of those analysis was transferred into matrix diagram by using weighting and rating. Weight values being used are from 0 (not important) to 1 (very important). Rating values being used are from 1 (low) to 4 (very high).

Profile of Natural Tourist Attractions at Tete Batu Village East Lombok
Tourist village of Tete Batu is located in Sikur District, East Lombok Regency, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. The distance of the village from Mataram is about 60 km. Tete Batu Village is one of villages where people can enjoy the scenic beauty as hills and paddy fields at the southern foot of Mount Rinjani. The topography of Tete Batu village shows a formation of elongated canyon like soil contour that presents a ZRQGHUIXO JUHHQ DQG IHUWLOH WHUUDFHG SDGG\ ILHOGV SDQRUDPD 7KH ILHOGV ¶ RXWOLQH LV YHU\ YLVLEOH IURP DQ\ SDUW RI YLOODJH 7KHQ WKHUH DUH VRPH ORZ KLOOV WKDW DUH XVHG DV VFHQLF YLHZSRLQWV IRU YLHZLQJ SDGG\ ILHOGV DQG IDUPHU ¶V activity. Moreover, located at the altitude of 700 meters above sea level, Tete Batu village is cool, refreshing and pollution-free. Other than the fields, the village is also dressed by not less beautiful natural scenery like steep hills that merge with the forest line and waterfall. One of forest tourism in Tete Batu vilage is Hutan Kera (monkey forest) which is located at the northern village. When entering the forest, tourists are welcomed by melodious singing of hundreds of bird species and rows of trees that are neatly arranged. The forest is also inhabited by lutungor langur (Trachypithecus Auratus), long-tailed black monkey species which is one of original inhabitants of the forest.
7KH YLOODJH ¶V mild and cool weather is very suitable for people who want to rest before continuing their tour to other destinations. A river that runs along the foot of Mount Rinjani is a good place for swimming and relaxation. There is also Jukut or Jeruk Manis Waterfall whose height is 40 meters and its waster is very fresh and clear. This waterfall is situated at Mount Rinjani, precisely at the northern area of National Park Conservation of Mount Rinjani. To visit the waterfall, it will take ± 1.5 hours only by foot. All along the road to the waterfall, the tourist will pass local people houses and be pleased by terrace like paddy fields. There are also other waterfalls in Tete Batu Village such as Ulem ± ulem Waterfall, Burung Wale Waterfall, Kokok Duren Waterfall and Seme Deye Waterfall.
The people of Tete Batu are starting to aware of tourism, so some programs that support tourism development have been held. Other than tourist attractions, there are some interesting offers given by local people to tourists. They are invited to directly experience the local activity. For example, they are directly coming down to paddy field, cutting grass, and feeding cows or roasting coffee beans, pounding, subliming, and brewing the coffee. There are other local activities that can be experienced by the tourists such as making bamboo wicker craft, Tracking Mount Rinjani with interesting natural scenery. Moreover, in Tete Batu Village there is a place of mushroom cultivation. It is located around the village area. There the tourist can see the process of seeding of mushroom seed and putting it into baglocks. Then, the tourist can also see how local people prepare and cook the mushroom in the kitchen. Tete Batu village is also one of best tobacco producer. Furthermore, it also has plantation of horticultural crops such as nutmeg commodity. One of nutmeg SURGXFWLRQV UHDG\ IRU FRQVXPSWLRQ DQG VRXYHQLU LV FDQGLHG QXWPHJ /RPERN ¶V RULJLQDO WUDGLWLRQ LV 6DVDN tradition. This tradition is originated from Hinduism and still practiced in Tete Batu Village. Another tradition that is still practicing by the local people is syukuran bendungan (dam thanksgiving) or in Sasak language called Nyelamet Pengempel which can be a tourist attraction. The authenticity of Tete Batu tradition is included in tourism package that is arranged by the actors of tourism. In other words, Tete Batu tries to offer different tourist package from other tourist attractions and its people are ready to welcome the tourists.
This tourist village has also prepared complete accommodation for staying. There are 13 inns and home stays. To reach Tete Batu Village, tourists can use two alternatives, by renting cars or using public transportation. Renting cars will be rather expensive and there are only few public transportation heading to the village. There is also traditional transportation such as horse-drawn carriage or Cidomo in Sasak language. The village roads are still dirt roads. Tete Batu Village has been developing for tourism and had stopped once. In 1990s, when tourists were rarely seen in other regions, there were many foreign tourists milling about Tete Batu Village. Now, Tete Batu Village develops to be one of favorite tourist attraction especially in East Lombok and as halal tourist attraction in Nusa Tenggara Barat in General. However, due to the influence of modernization and globalization the rural nuances begin to diminish. Moreover, facility and infrastructure is inadequate so that this village should be developed based on ecotourism model which is focus on conserving WKH HQYLURQPHQWV QDWXUH DQG FXOWXUH DQG LPSURYLQJ ORFDO SHRSOH ¶V SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ PDQDJHPHQW 6R WKH\ FDQ economically benefited by the program.

Internal Factor
Strength 1) Scenic beauty and natural countryside atmosphere  After conducting SWOT analysis, based on the each weight value between strengths and weaknesses, LW FDQ EH FRQFOXGHG WKDW VWUHQJWKV ¶ YDOXH LV D ELW KLJKHU WKDQ ZHDNQHVVHV ¶ 6R VWUHQJWKV FDQ EH RSWLPL]HG DQG weaknesses can be suppressed by proposed strategies. The same goes to opportunities. Opportunities weight YDOXH LV KLJKHU WKDQ WKUHDWV ¶ YDOXH 6R HIIHFWLYH VWUDWHJLHV DUH QHHGHG WR GHYHORS WRXULVW YLOODJH RI 7HWH %DWX E\ using ecotourism model. Based on SWOT analysis above, ecotourism based development of tourist natural attractions at Tete Batu can be done through: ‡ Improving facility/infrastructure without disturbing the ecosystem and by using local materials. Building paved roads and health facilities without damaging beauty and naturalness of the tourist attraction. Building hotels, home stays and tracking trails can damage the village through pollution and diminishing wild areas. ‡ Periodic capacity improvement for ecotourism administrators by maintaining the uniqueness and variety of ORFDO SHRSOH ¶V WUDGLWLRQ DQG FXOWXUH ‡ Establishing ecotourism managing institutions supported by government or other parties. Local people should be directly involved as actors in ecotourism program for example as teacher, speaker, and assistant. Their skill should be trained and improved in order to meet the standard as administrators. ‡ Management and the property of facility/infrastructure and tourism area by local people. Hotel and home stays should be owned and managed by local people to ensure the tourist comfort and safety with ecofriendly environments. ‡ Tour guide shoul be from local people. The presence of tourists should not disturb flora and fauna in the tourist attractions. ‡ Cooperating with other parties and inviting investors to develop tourist village of Tete Batu. Ecotourism model is expected to become one of main activities of tourism program in Tete Batu Village by emphasizing fairness and sustainability and become an alternative income for local people. The H[LVWHQFH RI HFRWRXULVP LV KRSHG WR EH DEOH WR PDLQWDLQ ORFDO SHRSOH ¶V HFRQRPLF LQGHSHQGHQFH DQG FKDQJH their life quality. In utilizing and managing ecotourism, the people should use conservation approach in order to conserve their ORFDO WUDGLWLRQ DQG FXOWXUH )LQDOO\ HFRWRXULVP QHHGV ORFDO SHRSOH ¶V DFWLYH UROH LQ LW SODQQLQJ and management.

Conclusion
Based on analysis of ecotourism potential in Tete Batu Village, the model needs an organized management and connection between tourist attractions in Tete Batu Village in order to be easily accessed, naturally conserved and more attractive for tourists to visit the place. There needs to be a developments of road facility, hotel, home stay, or local hosts without diminishing the characteristics of natural countryside atmosphere. The development of ecotourism is aimed to improve appreciation and participation of local people and domestic/foreign tourists towards local nature and culture and to improve local economy. Local government should make a policy that support the role of society in ecotourism management.