Estimation of Peat Surface Carbon Stocks on The Semenanjung Kampar from Land Use Changes Using Landsat Multi-Temporal in 2009-2018

Remote sensing has advantages in terms of temporal resolution that can be used to check changes in an object at different times. The Semenanjung Kampar peatland underwent land use change after the change in PP No. 71 of 2014 became PP No. 57 of 2016 which requires companies (paper companies) to restore the ecosystem on the Semenanjung Kampar. These changes were analyzed by utilizing remote sensing technology through multi-temporal imagery.This study aims to analyze changes in peatland use on the Semenanjung Kampar in 2009, 2013 and 2018, then estimate carbon stocks from changes in peatland use. The method used is the classification of Iso Cluster unsupervised and calculation of increase and decrease in carbon stocks (Gain and Loss). Based on this research the results of the accuracy of the classification of changes in land use on the Semenanjung Kampar were 0.72 or 72%.Changes in land use on the Semenanjung Kampar occur dynamically.The dominant land change for the 2009-2013 period was shrubs which became acacia forests 89386.31 ha and bushes from 2013-2018 to oil palm plantations 57878.47 ha. Furthermore, carbon stocks in the period 2009-2013 that have increased (acces) are 8.2% acacia forest and 13% decrease in primary peat forest while the 2013-2018 period has increased, namely 8% oil palm plantation and 21% shrub decline.


Introduction
The Semenanjung Kampar area is one of the largest stretches of peat swamp forest in Riau Province. Georaphically, the Semenanjung Kampar is bordered on the south by the Kampar River to the north by the Siak River, east to the Long Strait and to the west by oil palm plantations and Industrial Plantation Forests. Administratively, the Semenanjung Kampar area is in Pelalawan District and Siak Regency. The Semenanjung Kampar has a peat forest ecosystem that is located between 2 (two) large rivers, namely the Siak River and Kampar River. Almost all of the Semenanjung Kampar area is peat dome with peat dome as its core area with a deep peat depth that is very deep and some small peat domes (Qomar and Jaya, 2010).
The existence of the Semenanjung Kampar peat swamp forest ecosystem is under considerable pressure and the area has changed significantly (Rifardi, 2008;Qomar and Jaya, 2010).The opening of forests and peatlands for agriculture, industrial plantations and plantations accompanied by massive and uncontrolled canal production is expected to change the hydrological pattern to extremes (Siegel et al., 1995).Peat experiences excessive drying to damage the colloidal properties of peat into flammable materials and increases the risk of forest and land fires (Hooijer et al., 2006).The cover area of peat swamp forest in the Semenanjung Kampar in 1982 reached 97% of the total area of 70,129 hectares.In 2005 the forest cover area only reached 63% or 34% of deforestation in 23 years  from the total area of the Semenanjung Kampar or around 260,348 hectares (Rifardi, 2008).
Based on the problem of changes in land use (Hermon, 2012;Hermon, 2015;Hermon, 2016;Hermon, 2017), degradation and deforestation of peatlands on the Semenanjung Kampar from time to time.Given the role and function of peatlands which have large carbon content, and control changes in micro and macro climate.hence in this case a study was conducted to analyze changes in peatland use on the Semenanjung Kampar from the period 2008 to 2013 and 2013 to 2018.Data on the extent of changes in peatland use were then calculated based on carbon stocks contained on the surface of peatlands. So that there will be a trend in the surface carbon stock of peatlands on the Semenanjung Kampar from period to period.

Method
The method used in the analysis of land use in the Semenanjung Kampar in 2009-2018, namely the classification of the Iso Cluster unsupervised, as for the algorithms used in the classification of the Iso Cluster unsupervised in the Arc Arc Arc toolbox are as follows: (Richards, J. A. 1986

Analysis of Changes in Land Use
Land use on the Semenanjung Kampar from 2009 to 2013 was dominated by secondary peat forests, shrubs, primary peat forests, and acacia forests. Dynamics of changes in land use on the Semenanjung Kampar in 2009 to 2013 ( Figure 1). In the period of 2009 to 2013 the acacia forest area experienced a significant increase of 5.3% from 2.3%. Whereas shrubs have decreased by 9.1251, 5 ha or 13.4%. In the 2013 to 2018 period the type of land use experienced a significant increase, namely oil palm plantations covering an area of 6.6757 ha or 9.8%, while the type of land use that experienced a decrease was open peatland and shrubs of 7% and 9%.  (2018) The Based on the picture above, the trend of changes in land use that experienced a significant increase from 2009 to 2018 was acacia and oil palm plantations, while those experiencing a significant decline were open peatlands and shrubs.   It can be seen that the highest carbon reserves are scattered in the central part of the Kampar which is dominated by primary peat forests and secondary peat forests, while the lowest carbon reserves are spread in the southern and border areas of the Kampar with Siak Regency. Based on the graph above, it can be seen that each type of land use experiences a trend of changes in carbon stocks. Carbon stocks always increase, namely acacia forest carbon stocks and oil palm plantations. Whereas the decline was in the form of scrub land use carbon stocks.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that, the Semenanjung Kampar in the period 2009 -2013 experienced changes in land use dynamically. The land that has undergone the most changes is that the open peatland is transformed into shrubs, the primary peat forest is transformed into secondary peat forest and the shrubs turn