Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education

Assessing Community Vulnerability to the 2010 Merapi Eruption: an Analysis of Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity

Jafar — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. In the past century, Merapi erupted several times and caused damage and loss of life to the surrounding communities, especially in Cangkringan Sub-district, Sleman. However, it does not stop the community from inhabiting the volcano’s slopes. One of the main reasons is the communities rely on their livelihood on livestock and agriculture within those areas. This study assessed the vulnerability of the communities who live on the slopes of Merapi by identifying three key aspects: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. This study employs a qualitative approach using secondary data from scientific literatures, hazard maps, government reports, and statistical records. Overall, the findings indicate that community vulnerability results from the intersection of persistent exposure, socioeconomic sensitivity, and uneven adaptive capacity. Strengthening disaster risk reduction in Merapi’s hazard zones requires not only enhancing institutional preparedness but also addressing livelihood dependence and local cultural dimensions. The study underscores the importance of integrating social vulnerability assessment into volcanic disaster management and resilience planning.

The Sustainability of the Adiwiyata Program as a Means of Environmentally Caring Character Building Among Junior High School Students in Bireuen Regency

Darmuni, Rahmi Novalita, Hariki Fitrah — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to explore the sustainability of the Adiwiyata program as a character building for environmental care in public junior high school students in Bireuen district. Type of research is exploratory qualitative. The research location is UPTD of SMP Negeri 3 Makmur, Bireuen Regency. Data and research data sources were obtained through the following stages: a) observation through direct observation of the research object spontaneously towards the Adiwiyata activity program in the formation of student character, as well as a previously prepared checklist, b) Interviews with key informants, namely teachers and students of UPTD SMP Negeri 3 Makmur with informant retrieval techniques using the snowball sampling technique, c) Documentation studies obtained from field activities. Data validity techniques include; Credibility, Transferability, defendability, and confirmability. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data display, and data interpretation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the UPTD of SMP Negeri 3 Makmur, Bireuen Regency, has successfully developed various effective activity programs in realizing Adiwiyata as a character building for students. These various activity programs, which include environmental-based curriculum programs, cleanliness programs, waste management programs, reforestation programs, and park programs, have contributed significantly to creating a healthy, clean, and green environment. Furthermore, the results of this study also show that the implementation of these activity programs has helped shape the character of students who care about the environment, are responsible, and have an awareness of the importance of maintaining cleanliness and environmental sustainability.

Hazard Level and Risk of Mount Marapi Cold Lava Flood Disaster Based on Geographic Information System (Gis) in Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cold lava floods are a significant threat in the area around Mount Marapi, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Flows of volcanic material carried by rain after an eruption can cause major damage to settlements, farmland, and infrastructure. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is a very effective tool to identify the level of danger and risk of this disaster. This article examines a GIS-based approach in the assessment of the hazards and risks of cold lava floods in Tanah Datar Regency. The mapping shows a flood path in the watershed from the slopes of Mount Marapi, with a high-risk area of 27,480 hectares within 300 meters of the riverbank. Risk analysis shows that low-risk areas include 6,889.28 hectares, medium-risk 8,496.71 hectares, and high-risk 3,999.63 hectares, spread across several sub-districts.

Application of Local Community Wisdom in Rehabilitation of River Erosion in Kampar District

Saiful Adli bin Suhadak, Arrahmah Dea Syamsaputri, Rosdianto, Syafri Anwar — Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Research on applying local wisdom in rehabilitating river erosion was carried out in the Kenegarian Rumbio Kampar District. The aim of this research is to identify efforts to rehabilitate river erosion, identify factors that are inhibiting in rehabilitating river erosion, identifying factors that are inhibiting in rehabilitating river erosion, as well identifying and evaluating efforts made in overcoming the obstacles of river erosion rehabilitation at Kenagerian Rumbio Kabupaten Kampar. Results of research local wisdom are obtained 1) effort rehabilitation of river erosion has been good because it has been run down hereditary by the community, 2) factors resistor there are 4, the hat is household waste dumped into the river, replacement plants of river cliff, mining activities, and land clearing In river banks, and 3) efforts undertaken to overcome the obstacles of river erosion rehabilitation done in 2 ways that are by the method of vegetative and method of civil engineering

Disaster Mitigation Based on Review Articles in Sustainable Development Models in Indonesia

Rosmadi bin Fauzi, Angel Hidayat, Paus Iskarni, L. Sukardi — Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Natural disasters are one of the main challenges facing Indonesia which can threaten the sustainability of development and community welfare. This research aims examines the role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the literature review applied to disaster mitigation as part of a sustainable development model in Indonesia. The methodology used includes spatial analysis and secondary data collection regarding disasters that occurred in various regions. The research results show that the use of GIS in articles read can increase efficiency in disaster risk mapping, spatial planning and data-based decision making. In addition, the integration of GIS in disaster mitigation strategies can strengthen the resilience of society and the environment in Indonesia. This research recommends capacity building and collaboration between government, communities and stakeholders to maximize the potential of GIS in disaster mitigation and achieve sustainable development goals with One of the important goals in the SDGs is Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, which encourages disaster-resilient development, as well as Goal 13: Climate Action, which emphasizes the importance of adaptation and mitigation measures to climate change.

From Passive to Active: Transforming Social Studies Learning With the Stad Cooperative Model at Smp Negeri 57 Muaro Jambi

Martono, Erna Juita — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes and activeness in Integrated Social Sciences (IPS) learning through the implementation of the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in class VIII of SMP Negeri 57 Muaro Jambi. The research method used Classroom Action Research (CAR). The research subjects were 25 class VIII students in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through observation, interviews, learning outcome tests, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the STAD model significantly improved student learning outcomes, with the average post-test score increasing from 66.52 in cycle I to 90.00 in cycle II. The percentage of learning completeness increased from 43% to 91.3%, while the N-Gain score increased from 0.23 (low category) to 0.67 (medium-high category). In addition, student learning activity and motivation also experienced a significant increase. Students became more active in thinking, dared to express opinions, and showed better cooperation and responsibility in groups. Thus, the application of the STAD type cooperative model has proven effective in improving students' learning outcomes and social interactions in Integrated Social Studies learning at SMP Negeri 57 Muaro Jambi.

Flood Modeling Using Hec-Ras Software Due to The Overflow of the Bengawan Solo River in Bojonegoro Regency

Mohamad Ferdaus Noor Aulady, Nur Kartika Sari — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Bengawan Solo River covers an area of approximately 16,100 km² and has a length of about 660 km. Increasing and irregular rainfall patterns have led to rising water levels in the Bengawan Solo River. Therefore, by utilizing technological advancements, floodplain modeling techniques can be applied using the HEC-RAS software as a flood disaster mitigation effort. The research method used involves calculating the flood discharge using the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS) Nakayasu method, followed by hydraulic analysis with the HEC-RAS software. The resulting flood discharge for the Q₁₀₀ year return period is 11,570.98 m³/s. Based on the Q₁₀₀ discharge value, the existing river cross-section is unable to accommodate the flow. From this analysis, the selected mitigation method is a structural approach in the form of river normalization.

Improving Learning Activities Using Tourism Awareness Education Modules for Managers of Aceh Traditional House Cultural Tourism Objects

Eviana Sonata, Rahmi Novalita, Rambang Muharramsyah — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the increase in learning activities using tourism awareness education modules for managers of traditional Acehnese house cultural tourism objects. This type of research uses Research & Development (R&D) research. The study population is the managers of the traditional Acehnese house cultural tourism object Teungku Chik Awe Geutah, totaling 20 people. The sampling technique used incidental sampling. Data collection techniques used observation and documentation. Data collection tools used observation sheets. Data analysis techniques used descriptive percentage analysis. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in student learning activities using the module. Learning activities in the first meeting obtained a result of 99%, the second learning activity activity obtained an average score of 96%, the third learning activity activity obtained 97%, and the fourth learning activity activity obtained a score of 97.6%. Overall, learning activities using the tourism awareness education module were classified as very good with an acquisition of 97.4%. This shows that the tourism awareness education module can increase students' knowledge in managing good cultural tourism objects.

Empirical Analysis and Realism-Based Flood Mitigation Strategy in Bekasi (case study of eraly march 2025 flood)

Anang Suherman, Dede Sugandi, Enok Maryani — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Flood is a recurring hydrometeorological disaster in urban areas of Indonesia, including Bekasi City and Regency. This study employs a realism-based geographic approach to analyze the causes, impacts, and formulate mitigation strategies for floods occurring in Bekasi in early March 2025. Using qualitative methods with a case study design, data were collected through observations, interviews, and document studies. The results reveal that floods are caused by a combination of high rainfall intensity, rapid urbanization reducing water catchment areas, poor drainage infrastructure, and topographical vulnerabilities. Beyond physical and economic damages, the disaster severely disrupted educational activities, affecting hundreds of schools and thousands of students. The realism approach highlights the importance of empirical data in understanding flood patterns and designing comprehensive mitigation strategies. Recommended solutions include improving drainage capacity, enforcing land-use regulations, river normalization, and integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) education into school curricula to build community resilience. This research contributes to evidence-based disaster mitigation efforts in urban planning and education sectors.

The Hots Crisis in Geography Classroom: Analysis of Factors Causing Low C4 Ability of High School Students

Rana, Ahyuni, Saiful Adli bin Suhadak — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Analytical skills (C4) are an essential part of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), which is the main requirement in the Merdeka Curriculum. However, students’ analytical abilities in the material on Village and City Spatial Interaction remain low. This study aims to identify the factors that cause the low analytical ability of grade XII students at SMA Negeri 3 Bukittinggi. The research method uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of students’ daily test results based on HOTS essay questions and qualitative analysis through questionnaires and interviews to explore the causal factors. A total of 132 students were analyzed for the ability category, and 20 were purposively selected for in-depth qualitative data collection. The results showed that 86% of students were in the Not Comprehending category, characterized by descriptive, non-concept-based answers. The main findings revealed that low analytical ability was caused by weak mastery of the geography concept, a lack of familiarity with HOTS questions, the absence of an analytical assessment rubric, and a learning process still oriented towards memorization. Conceptual models derived from data synthesis indicate that weak conceptual input and non-HOTS-oriented learning directly affect the low quality of student analysis. This research emphasizes the need to strengthen concept-based learning and improve the application of HOTS questions to enable students’ analytical skills to develop optimally.

Analysis of the Implementation of the Universal Design for Learning Approach to Optimize Inclusive Student Learning Motivation

Safrina, Najmuddin, Rahmi Novalita — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to explore the application of the Universal Design for Learning approach to optimize inclusive student motivation at the UPTD of SD Negeri 8 Makmur. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive. The data sources of this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from observations of student activities in the learning process. While secondary data are in the form of document data on the number of inclusive students at the UPTD of SD Negeri 8 Makmur. The subjects of this study were 4 inclusive students at the UPTD of SD Negeri 8 Makmur. Data collection techniques were through observation and documentation. Data collection tools were in the form of observation sheets. Data analysis techniques used percentage analysis. The results of the study showed that the learning motivation of inclusive students was classified as very good in terms of; a) the desire and desire to succeed by 93% in the very good category, b) the encouragement and need to learn with a score of 88% in the very good category, c) the existence of appreciation in learning with a score of 94% in the very good category, d) the existence of interesting activities in learning with a score of 93% in the very good category, and the existence of a conducive learning environment with an average score of 81% in the very good category. Learning activity activities were reviewed from the aspects of; a) Visual Activities, with a score of 93% in the Very Good category, b) Listening Activities with a score of 87% in the very good category, c) Oral Activities, with a score of 6% in the very poor category, d) Writing Activities with a score of 69% in the good category. The lowest achievement of inclusive student activities was in Oral Activities. This can be caused by several factors, such as limited communication skills, difficulty in understanding the subject matter, or lack of self-confidence.

Development Of Religious Character And Social Care In Elementary Schools

Bunsarpi Malina, Rahmi Novalita, Hariki Fitrah — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to explore the development of religious character and social care at SD Negeri 4 Kebayakan, Kebayakan District, Bireuen Regency. This type of research is qualitative research. The informants of this study are teachers of SD Negeri 4 Kebayakan, Central Aceh Regency. The informant selection technique uses the snowball sampling technique. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Data validity techniques use credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data display, data interpretation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that; 1) The development of religious character at SD Negeri 4 Kebayakan has various programs to develop students' religious character, such as instilling religious values in the curriculum, congregational prayer, praying, reading Asmaul Husna, reading the Qur'an, tahfidz activities, charity, and short boarding schools. These programs aim to form students who are faithful, have noble character, and have a strong religious character. 2) The development of socially caring character at SD Negeri 4 Kebayakan through various programs such as the habit of sharing and empathy in daily activities, social activities such as community service and donations for disaster victims, the integration of caring values into the curriculum and extracurricular activities, as well as the Friday Sharing program and mutual cooperation to clean the school environment. Through these programs, the school strives to instill the values of caring and empathy in students, so that they grow into individuals who care about the environment and others.

Implementation of Aceh Local Wisdom-Based Education Program at MTsN 5 Pidie, Pidie Regency

Efi Mulyati, Rahmi Novalita, Rambang Muharramsyah — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This type of research is exploratory qualitative. The informants of this research are teachers of MTsN 5 Pidie, Pidie Regency. The informant selection technique uses snowball sampling technique. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Data validity techniques use credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data display, data interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that; MTsN 5 Pidie, Pidie Regency has implemented an education program based on Acehnese local wisdom well. Forms of educational activities based on Acehnese local wisdom at MTsN 5 Pidie include: Integration of local culture into subjects, such as mathematics linked to the architecture of Acehnese traditional houses, Pancasila and citizenship education linked to the values of deliberation and khanduri customs, economics contextualized through farming practices and kenduri blang, as well as the use of teaching materials in the form of poetry, pantun, and Acehnese folklore. Arts and cultural activities include training in the Saman and Seudati dances, traditional Rapa'i music, folk games, Acehnese poetry readings, and traditional Acehnese handicrafts. Extracurricular activities include cooking classes on Acehnese cuisine, such as plik u soup and various other traditional dishes, cultural festivals, and afternoon innovation classes.

Analysis of the Development of Ecotourism at Sirukam Dairy Farm in Sirukam Village, Alahan Panjang, Solok Regency, West Sumatra

Puti Tiara Dewi, Siti Fatimah, Ratna Wilis — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the development of Sirukam Dairy Farm ecotourism in Sirukam Village, Alahan Panjang, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. This study uses SWOT analysis to describe the internal and external environments that constitute the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Sirukam Dairy Farm ecotourism. The results show that a dairy farm such as Sirukam Dairy Farm in Solok Regency has great potential to be developed into an ecotourism destination, utilizing the appeal of rural life, the milk production process, and the beauty of the surrounding nature. In addition to dairy farming, there are also other types of farming such as sheep, rabbits, chickens, and many more. Based on the results of the internal research, the strengths of Sirukam Dairy Farm ecotourism are greater than its weaknesses, with an IFAS score of 3.34 compared to a weakness score of 2.58. Meanwhile, from an external perspective, the opportunities are smaller than the threats, with an EFAS score of 3.04 compared to an opportunity score of 3.01. Therefore, it is evident that the opportunities and threats are quite similar. The results of the SWOT analysis suggest that Sirukam Dairy Farm ecotourism is located in Quadrant II, indicating that although it encounters threats, it still has the capability to leverage long-term opportunities by implementing strategies like diversifying attractions centered around education and recreation.