Monitoring Spatial Conditions and Road Traffic of the Tsunami Evacuation Route in Padang City Using Geographic Information System
Keywords:
Spatial Condition, Geographic Information System, Road Traffic
Abstract
The traffic of the tsunami evacuation route is an essential aspect of disaster mitigation. This relates to minimizing the possibility of fatalities and property damage as well as preparing communities to be resilient to disasters. This also refers to the accessibility of a body of water as measured by its length, type, and position along the coast. There are numerous roads that serve as evacuation routes for the earthquake and tsunami disasters in the present day, but their conditions are lacking. Furthermore, there has been no detailed research on the monitoring of the tsunami evacuation route in Padang City. Moreover, Padang City is extremely vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis based on its past and its possibility of future natural disasters. This research used a quantitative survey with scoring and analysis of Open Route Services (ORS) tools in the QGIS application. The results indicated that the road accessibility for cars was in priority 1 with a score of 28,02%, meanwhile the accessibility for motorbikes and pedestrian was in priority 1 with a score of100%. Therefore, it is not optimal for two vehicles to share the same road channel simultaneously. The tsunami-safe zone is located in the relatively elevated eastern area of Padang City. This study also identified and recommended which sections of the road must be enhanced for the tsunami evacuation route in priority 1.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
[1] D. Hermon, “Land stability model for sustainable spatial planning in Padang City-Indonesia based on landslide disaster,” J. Geogr. Earth Sci., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 19–26, 2019.
[2] F. Imamura, A. Muhari, E. Mas, M. H. Pradono, J. Post, and M. Sugimoto, “Tsunami disaster mitigation by integrating comprehensive countermeasures in Padang City, Indonesia,” J. Disaster Res., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 48–64, 2012.
[3] D. Arisa, B. Setiadi, and W. S. Priyanto, “Pre-and Coseismic Analysis of the Mw7. 6 Padang Earthquake 2009 from Geodetic Approach,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 2021, p. 12069.
[4] H. Yue et al., “Rupture process of the 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai tsunami earthquake from joint inversion of near‐field hr‐GPS and teleseismic body wave recordings constrained by tsunami observations,” J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, vol. 119, no. 7, pp. 5574–5593, 2014.
[5] D. H. Natawidjaja, “Updating active fault maps and sliprates along the Sumatran Fault Zone, Indonesia,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 2018, p. 12001.
[6] Badan Standarisasi Nasional, Rambu Evakuasi Tsunami. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 2011.
[7] A. Saputra, A. D. Saputra, D. Setiabudidaya, D. Setyawan, and I. Iskandar, “Validasi Areal Terbakar dengan Metode Normalized Burning Ratio Menggunkan UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle): Studi Kasus,” J. Penelit. Sains, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 66–72, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.26554/jps.v19i2.476.
[8] R. Febrina, D. K. Evan, L. Afriani, R. M. I. Retno, and H. A. Fitra, “The analysis of Tsunami evacuation route based on geographic information system: A case study in the coast of Lampung Bay,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2020, p. 12022.
[9] P. Debnath, “A QGIS-Based Road Network Analysis for Sustainable Road Network Infrastructure: An Application to the Cachar District in Assam, India,” Infrastructures, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 114, 2022.
[10] S. J. Carver, “Integrating multi-criteria evaluation with geographical information systems,” Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 321–339, 1991.
[11] P. Jankowski, “Integrating geographical information systems and multiple criteria decision-making methods,” Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 251–273, 1995.
[12] F. Lu and Y. Cao, “Three-Dimensional Modeling for Buildings Evacuation Management.” 2012.
[13] QGIS, “ORS Tools,” Online Access, 2019. https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/ORStools/
[14] P. K. Bhuyan and M. S. Nayak, “A review on level of service analysis of urban streets,” Transp. Rev., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 219–238, 2013.
[15] K. Kuribayashi, T. Hara, and S. Kuroda, “Study on seismic performance evaluation of road embankment along the coast,” in The 28th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, OnePetro, 2018.
[16] R. Indonesia, Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 34 Tahun 2006 Tentang Jalan. 2006. [Online]. Available: https://jdihn.go.id/files/4/2006pp034.pdf
[17] A. Syukri, D. Hamid, L. Murdiansyah, A. Rozaan, and A. Roza, “Conceptual Design of Pedestrian Overpasses Bridge for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunami (POBET) in Padang City–West Sumatra,” J. Ilm. Rekayasa Sipil, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1–10, 2017.
[18] F. Ai, L. K. Comfort, Y. Dong, and T. Znati, “A dynamic decision support system based on geographical information and mobile social networks: A model for tsunami risk mitigation in Padang, Indonesia,” Saf. Sci., vol. 90, pp. 62–74, 2016.
[19] N. Nofrion et al., “SILENT SIMULATION: THE ABILITY OF GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION STUDENTS TO DO A HORIZONTAL EVACUATION TO A TSUNAMI SAFE ZONE IN PADANG CITY,” J. Geogr., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 88–96.
[20] M. Di Mauro, K. Megawati, V. Cedillos, and B. Tucker, “Tsunami risk reduction for densely populated Southeast Asian cities: analysis of vehicular and pedestrian evacuation for the city of Padang, Indonesia, and assessment of interventions,” Nat. hazards, vol. 68, pp. 373–404, 2013.
[21] M. J. Kurowski, N. Hedley, and J. J. Clague, “An assessment of educational tsunami evacuation map designs in Washington and Oregon,” Nat. hazards, vol. 59, pp. 1205–1223, 2011.
[22] R. S. Dewi, “A-Gis based approach of an evacuation model for tsunami risk reduction,” IDRiM J., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 108–139, 2012.
[23] F. Ashar, D. Amaratunga, and R. Haigh, “Tsunami evacuation routes using network analysis: a case study in Padang,” Procedia Eng., vol. 212, pp. 109–116, 2018.
[24] S. J. Scheer, V. Varela, and G. Eftychidis, “A generic framework for tsunami evacuation planning,” Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts a/B/C, vol. 49, pp. 79–91, 2012.
[25] Y. Deng, Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, and S. Mahadevan, “Fuzzy Dijkstra algorithm for shortest path problem under uncertain environment,” Appl. Soft Comput., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1231–1237, 2012.
[26] F. Usman, K. Murakami, A. D. Wicaksono, and E. Setiawan, “Application of agent-based model simulation for tsunami evacuation in Pacitan, Indonesia,” in MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 2017, p. 1064.
[27] F. Usman, S. Hariyani, and F. Shoimah, “Perencanaan Partisipatif Tanggap Darurat Bencana Tsunami Di Pesisir Selatan Watulimo, Trenggalek,” Tataloka, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 138–150, 2021.
[28] T. Takabatake, K. Fujisawa, M. Esteban, and T. Shibayama, “Simulated effectiveness of a car evacuation from a tsunami,” Int. J. disaster risk Reduct., vol. 47, p. 101532, 2020.
[29] Y. Goto, M. Affan, Y. Nurdin, and D. K. Yuliana, “Tsunami evacuation simulation for disaster education and city planning,” J. Disaster Res., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 92–101, 2012.
[30] Z. M. Mayasari, M. Astuti, N. Afandi, and Y. Fauzi, “Vertical evacuation planning to reduce a risk of a tsunami disaster in teluk segara district, bengkulu city,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, 2021, p. 12010.
[2] F. Imamura, A. Muhari, E. Mas, M. H. Pradono, J. Post, and M. Sugimoto, “Tsunami disaster mitigation by integrating comprehensive countermeasures in Padang City, Indonesia,” J. Disaster Res., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 48–64, 2012.
[3] D. Arisa, B. Setiadi, and W. S. Priyanto, “Pre-and Coseismic Analysis of the Mw7. 6 Padang Earthquake 2009 from Geodetic Approach,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 2021, p. 12069.
[4] H. Yue et al., “Rupture process of the 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai tsunami earthquake from joint inversion of near‐field hr‐GPS and teleseismic body wave recordings constrained by tsunami observations,” J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, vol. 119, no. 7, pp. 5574–5593, 2014.
[5] D. H. Natawidjaja, “Updating active fault maps and sliprates along the Sumatran Fault Zone, Indonesia,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 2018, p. 12001.
[6] Badan Standarisasi Nasional, Rambu Evakuasi Tsunami. Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 2011.
[7] A. Saputra, A. D. Saputra, D. Setiabudidaya, D. Setyawan, and I. Iskandar, “Validasi Areal Terbakar dengan Metode Normalized Burning Ratio Menggunkan UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle): Studi Kasus,” J. Penelit. Sains, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 66–72, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.26554/jps.v19i2.476.
[8] R. Febrina, D. K. Evan, L. Afriani, R. M. I. Retno, and H. A. Fitra, “The analysis of Tsunami evacuation route based on geographic information system: A case study in the coast of Lampung Bay,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2020, p. 12022.
[9] P. Debnath, “A QGIS-Based Road Network Analysis for Sustainable Road Network Infrastructure: An Application to the Cachar District in Assam, India,” Infrastructures, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 114, 2022.
[10] S. J. Carver, “Integrating multi-criteria evaluation with geographical information systems,” Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 321–339, 1991.
[11] P. Jankowski, “Integrating geographical information systems and multiple criteria decision-making methods,” Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 251–273, 1995.
[12] F. Lu and Y. Cao, “Three-Dimensional Modeling for Buildings Evacuation Management.” 2012.
[13] QGIS, “ORS Tools,” Online Access, 2019. https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/ORStools/
[14] P. K. Bhuyan and M. S. Nayak, “A review on level of service analysis of urban streets,” Transp. Rev., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 219–238, 2013.
[15] K. Kuribayashi, T. Hara, and S. Kuroda, “Study on seismic performance evaluation of road embankment along the coast,” in The 28th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, OnePetro, 2018.
[16] R. Indonesia, Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 34 Tahun 2006 Tentang Jalan. 2006. [Online]. Available: https://jdihn.go.id/files/4/2006pp034.pdf
[17] A. Syukri, D. Hamid, L. Murdiansyah, A. Rozaan, and A. Roza, “Conceptual Design of Pedestrian Overpasses Bridge for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunami (POBET) in Padang City–West Sumatra,” J. Ilm. Rekayasa Sipil, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1–10, 2017.
[18] F. Ai, L. K. Comfort, Y. Dong, and T. Znati, “A dynamic decision support system based on geographical information and mobile social networks: A model for tsunami risk mitigation in Padang, Indonesia,” Saf. Sci., vol. 90, pp. 62–74, 2016.
[19] N. Nofrion et al., “SILENT SIMULATION: THE ABILITY OF GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION STUDENTS TO DO A HORIZONTAL EVACUATION TO A TSUNAMI SAFE ZONE IN PADANG CITY,” J. Geogr., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 88–96.
[20] M. Di Mauro, K. Megawati, V. Cedillos, and B. Tucker, “Tsunami risk reduction for densely populated Southeast Asian cities: analysis of vehicular and pedestrian evacuation for the city of Padang, Indonesia, and assessment of interventions,” Nat. hazards, vol. 68, pp. 373–404, 2013.
[21] M. J. Kurowski, N. Hedley, and J. J. Clague, “An assessment of educational tsunami evacuation map designs in Washington and Oregon,” Nat. hazards, vol. 59, pp. 1205–1223, 2011.
[22] R. S. Dewi, “A-Gis based approach of an evacuation model for tsunami risk reduction,” IDRiM J., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 108–139, 2012.
[23] F. Ashar, D. Amaratunga, and R. Haigh, “Tsunami evacuation routes using network analysis: a case study in Padang,” Procedia Eng., vol. 212, pp. 109–116, 2018.
[24] S. J. Scheer, V. Varela, and G. Eftychidis, “A generic framework for tsunami evacuation planning,” Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts a/B/C, vol. 49, pp. 79–91, 2012.
[25] Y. Deng, Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, and S. Mahadevan, “Fuzzy Dijkstra algorithm for shortest path problem under uncertain environment,” Appl. Soft Comput., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1231–1237, 2012.
[26] F. Usman, K. Murakami, A. D. Wicaksono, and E. Setiawan, “Application of agent-based model simulation for tsunami evacuation in Pacitan, Indonesia,” in MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 2017, p. 1064.
[27] F. Usman, S. Hariyani, and F. Shoimah, “Perencanaan Partisipatif Tanggap Darurat Bencana Tsunami Di Pesisir Selatan Watulimo, Trenggalek,” Tataloka, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 138–150, 2021.
[28] T. Takabatake, K. Fujisawa, M. Esteban, and T. Shibayama, “Simulated effectiveness of a car evacuation from a tsunami,” Int. J. disaster risk Reduct., vol. 47, p. 101532, 2020.
[29] Y. Goto, M. Affan, Y. Nurdin, and D. K. Yuliana, “Tsunami evacuation simulation for disaster education and city planning,” J. Disaster Res., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 92–101, 2012.
[30] Z. M. Mayasari, M. Astuti, N. Afandi, and Y. Fauzi, “Vertical evacuation planning to reduce a risk of a tsunami disaster in teluk segara district, bengkulu city,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, 2021, p. 12010.
Published
2023-06-14
